The use of any drugs for type 2 diabetes still cannot fully compensate for the effect of malnutrition on blood sugar levels.Proper nutrition is an essential part of effective type 2 diabetes management and will help you reach your blood sugar goals.
The nutritional approach to people with type 2 diabetes who are or are not overweight, arterial hypertension, etc. will be somewhat different.
Most people with type 2 diabetes are overweight. Being overweight prevents their own insulin from working effectively, which is why blood sugar levels stay high.Therefore, weight loss is an indispensable condition for rational treatment!Even moderate weight loss (up to 5-10%) improves carbohydrate metabolism, especially in the early stages of the disease.
How to lose weight?
It should be noted right away that there are no specific products or medicinal plants for weight loss. Currently, there are no drugs that in themselves could provide highly effective and completely safe weight loss without diet.
The only reliable way is to limit the energy intake in the body.(it is indicated in calories), i. e. compliance with the ruleslow calorie diet, The resulting energy deficit leads to the fact that the energy reserves "conserved" in adipose tissue will be spent on various needs of the body, and the weight will certainly decrease.
The energy carrier in food is its three components:Protein, Fat and Carbohydrate, The most caloric of them are fats, they contain 9 kcal per 1 gram; In proteins and carbohydrates - 4 kcal per 1 gram.
The most effective way to reduce the calorie content of the diet is to reduce its fat content. It is not only safe, but also useful for a modern person, because our diet, unfortunately, is rich in fats. Comparison of fatsIn, the calorie content of proteins and carbohydrates can be considered moderate, however, in order to achieve a good effect in weight loss, they still need to be slightly limited.
There are a number of products that do not need to be limited when losing weight. On the contrary, it is these products that can compensate for the above restrictions and compensate for the reduced amount of food consumed. This group of foods is mainlyare represented by vegetables, which are low in nutrients but rich in water, as well asvegetable fiberWhich are indigestible. Vegetable fibers bring many benefits to the body: they improve intestinal function, help the absorption of vitamins, have a beneficial effect on fat metabolism, etc.
There are three groups of products that need to be consumed in different ways in order to lose weight.Looking at these groups, you will definitely come across a traffic light.
maximum limit
High-calorie foods: rich in fat, alcohol, sugar and confectionery
Example:any oil, lard, sour cream, mayonnaise; cream, fatty cottage cheese and cottage cheese; oily fish, poultry skin, canned meat; fish and vegetable in oil; fatty meats, smoked meats, sausages; Sugar, sweet drinks, honey, jam, jam, sweets, cakes, cookies, chocolate, ice cream, nuts, seeds, alcoholic beverages.
Modest limit (eat half of the previous normal portion)
Moderate calorie products: proteins, starches, dairy products, fruits and berries.
Example:Milk and sour-milk products of regular fat content or low-fat/skimmed, cottage cheese with less than 30% fat, cottage cheese with less than 4% fat, eggs, lean meats, fish, pasta, bread and lean baked goods, cereals; Fruits, potatoes, mature grains of corn, peas and beans.
use without restriction
Low-calorie foods: vegetables (except potatoes, corn, ripe peas and beans), and low-calorie beverages.
Example:Radishes, radishes, beets, carrots, mushrooms, cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, zucchini, eggplants, legumes, young green peas, lettuce, greens, spinach, sorrel, any cabbage; Tea, coffee without sugar and cream, mineral water.
Is it possible to maintain a low calorie diet without counting calories?
This is quite possible if guided by the principles of product selection stated above. In addition, experts have long recognized that it is not the number of calories that a person needs to consume (it varies from person to personIt is quite difficult to specify exactly), but the person who actually reduced his diet is important!
Achieving the result will be an indicator of correct adherence to the principles of low-calorie nutrition: weight loss! If weight loss does not occur, this indicates that it has not yet been possible to significantly reduce the calorie content of the diet.
How do different carbohydrates affect blood sugar levels?
Carbohydrates are the only nutrient that directly raise blood sugar, but that's no reason to limit them excessively.
Carbohydrates should be adequate (at least 50% of total calories) in the diet of anyone, including a person with diabetes, because they are a source of energy for the body. Also, different carbohydrates have different effects on blood sugar levels. Does matter.
there iseasyCarbohydrates (they are called sugars), which are very easily digested, because they are made of small molecules and are quickly absorbed in the digestive tract (after 10 minutes). They raise the level of glucose in the blood immediately. And increase very strongly. It is from these carbohydrates that sugar, honey is made, many of them are found in fruit juices (they are also found in natural fruits, but due to the presence of fiber, the absorption of carbohydrates is much faster). does not occur), beer. Such carbohydrates are also found in liquid dairy products, but because of the fat content, the carbohydrates are not absorbed quickly.
another type of carbohydrateComplex(starches), they also raise blood sugar levels, not as quickly and not as quickly as simple carbohydrates. Representatives of such products: bread, cereals, pasta, potatoes, corn. The starch molecule is large, and it takes longer to assimilateThe body has to work harder for this. Therefore, the glucose produced as a result of the breakdown of starch is absorbed more slowly (after about 30 minutes), increasing its level in the blood somewhat.
Culinary processing of starchy foods (any grinding, prolonged thermal exposure) contributes to an increase in blood glucose levels. This means that certain methods of processing and cooking can cause a sharp rise in blood sugar from eating starch. For example, it is more correct not to cook potatoes as mashed potatoes, but to boil them whole in their skins, so that they remain dense. Do not cook the porridge for too long. Even better. It is better to cook them from large uncooked cereals (buckwheat, rice).
Food rich in plant fibers prevents the rise in blood sugar levels. Therefore, it is better to buy bread from cereals or bran, and not from flour. Fruits and berries should be consumed in their natural form, not in the form of juice.
These types of carbohydrate products are –"free"after which the level of glucose in the blood does not rise or rises slightly. These products include almost all types of vegetables in normal amounts (except potatoes). For example, cabbage, lettuce, parsley, dill, radishes, turnips, Zucchini, eggplant, pumpkin, pepper, etc. Among the products of this group, the largest amount of carbohydrates is found in beets and carrots, but the rise in blood sugar after them is not very large. Therefore, if you eat them in moderationeat (as a side dish, no more than 200 grams), then they can also be ignored.
Do I need to count carbohydrates?
A person with type 2 diabetes who is on oral antidiabetic drugs or who is just on a diet does not need to accurately calculate the amount of carbohydrate in a meal. Many people with diabetes have heard of the so-called bread units. For diabetics there is a system of such calculation. It allows you to correlate the amount of carbohydrates consumed with the dose of short-acting insulin that people with diabetes inject before meals.
Special "diabetic" products
Sweeteners can make food taste sweet without raising blood sugar levels or gaining weight. But in this case we are only talking about non-caloric sugar substitutes. These include aspartame, saccharin, cyclamate, acesulfame potassium, sucralose, stevioside. They do not affect blood sugar levels and weight at all. However, instead of sugar most "diabetic" foods (cookies, chocolate, waffles) contain sorbitol, xylitol or fructose, whichare almost as high in calories as. Therefore, being overweight, they should be limited as much as possible, like regular sweets.
partial diet
Fractional mode means several meals during the day (5-6 times, but still no more than after 2. 5-3 hours) in small portions. This is useful because following a low-calorie diet can lead to hungerEating more often will help reduce this. In addition, a small portion of food contains some carbohydrates, and this will facilitate the work of the pancreas.
Liquor
Due to its high caloric content (7 kcal per 1 gram) alcohol can contribute to weight gain. In addition, it directly worsens the indicators of fat metabolism and blood pressure. So limit the consumption of alcohol as much as possible.
Alcohol is known to have adverse effects on the liver. If a person with diabetes is on glucose-lowering drugs and insulin, it can cause hypoglycemia. Never drink alcohol on an empty stomach!